Root Canal Procedure: What to Expect

When it comes to dental procedures, few are as misunderstood as the root canal. Often associated with discomfort, the reality is that a root canal is a vital treatment that can save your natural tooth and alleviate pain caused by infection or damage. 

We’ll break down everything you need to know about root canals — from what they are and why they’re necessary, to what you can expect during and after the procedure. 

What is a root canal?

A root canal is a dental procedure designed to treat infection at the center of a tooth, known as the pulp. 

The term “root canal” refers to the natural cavity within the tooth where the pulp is located, consisting of nerves and blood vessels that help nourish the tooth during its development. 

What causes a root canal?

Root canal treatment becomes necessary when the pulp becomes inflamed or infected. This condition can arise from several common causes:

1. Deep decay: When cavities are left untreated, they can extend deep into the tooth, reaching the pulp. The bacteria from the decay can cause a severe infection, leading to the need for a root canal.
2. Repeated dental procedures: Multiple dental procedures on the same tooth can cause irritation and inflammation of the pulp. This repeated stress can eventually result in pulp damage that necessitates a root canal.
3. Cracks or chips: A cracked or chipped tooth can expose the pulp to bacteria and infection. Even a minor crack can be enough to allow bacteria to infiltrate and infect the pulp.
4. Trauma to the tooth: An injury or trauma to a tooth, even if it doesn’t result in a visible crack or chip, can damage the pulp. This is common in cases of sports injuries or accidents where the tooth is impacted.
5. Gum disease: Severe gum disease, or periodontitis, can also affect the pulp of a tooth. As the disease progresses, it can create pockets of infection that can reach the root and pulp of the tooth.

Root canal symptoms

Recognizing these symptoms is essential for timely treatment. These include:

• Severe tooth pain
• Prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold
• Discoloration of the tooth
• Swelling and tenderness in the surrounding gums
• Persistent or recurring pimple on the gums
  

If you experience any of these signs, it is crucial to consult with your dentist quickly to determine the appropriate course of action. 

Root canal procedure

The root canal procedure typically begins with a thorough examination and x-rays to assess the extent of the infection and the condition of the tooth. Once your dentist confirms that a root canal is necessary, the procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia to ensure you are comfortable and pain-free throughout.

Your dentist will follow a process similar to this:

1. Isolating the tooth with a protective sheet, or dental dam, to keep it dry and free from saliva.
2. Creating a small opening in the crown of the tooth to access the infected or damaged pulp inside.
3. Carefully removing the pulp using specialized instruments, then cleaning out root canals and shaping them to prepare for filling.
4. Filling canals with a biocompatible material, typically gutta-percha, which seals the canals to prevent future bacteria. 
5. Temporarily sealing the opening in the tool until a permanent restoration — like a crown or filling — can be placed.

Depending on the complexity of the procedure, this process is completed in one or two visits. Modern techniques and anesthesia make the experience straightforward and relatively comfortable. 

Root canal recovery

Recovering from a root canal procedure is typically smooth, with most patients returning to their normal activities within a day or two. After the treatment, you may experience some mild discomfort or sensitivity in the treated area, which can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Your dentist may also recommend avoiding hard or chewy foods on the affected side until the tooth is fully restored with a crown or filling.

In the days following the procedure, maintain good oral hygiene to prevent any complications — just be gentle when brushing and flossing around the treated area. If you experience any severe pain, swelling or signs of infection, contact your dentist right away.

Root canal cost

The cost of a root canal procedure varies based on several factors, including the complexity of the case, the location of the affected tooth and the specific dental practice. Usually, root canal treatment on a front tooth is less expensive than on a molar, as front teeth typically have fewer root canals to treat. The price can also differ depending on whether the procedure is performed by a general dentist or an endodontist, a specialist in root canal therapy.

Talk with your dentist about their specific pricing, but you can expect the cost to fall between $600 and $1600. While the cost may seem significant upfront, it’s important to consider that a root canal is often a cost-effective solution compared to alternatives like tooth extraction and replacement with a dental implant or bridge. Preserving your natural tooth with a root canal not only helps maintain your smile and dental function but can also prevent more extensive and costly dental issues in the future. 

Does insurance cover a root canal procedure?

Most dental insurance plans cover a portion of the root canal cost, recognizing it as an essential treatment for preserving dental health. The extent of coverage can vary depending on your specific plan, with some policies covering up to 80% of the procedure’s cost after the deductible is met. Typically, root canals are categorized under major dental services — review your plan’s details to understand the exact benefits and any out-of-pocket expenses you may incur.